As an experienced water heater specialist, I’ve encountered a wide range of issues with gas-fired storage tank water heaters over the years. In our 10 years of water heater experience… One of the most common problems homeowners face is pilot light ignition issues, where the pilot light keeps going out or fails to ignite altogether. In this comprehensive guide, I’ll walk you through the key components of a gas water heater, outline essential maintenance tasks, and provide step-by-step troubleshooting techniques to diagnose and fix pilot light problems.

Now, this might seem counterintuitive when dealing with water heaters…

Water Heater Components

At the heart of a gas-fired storage tank water heater are a few critical components that work together to heat and store water for your home. Let’s start by understanding the key elements and how they function.

Tank and Insulation

The water storage tank is the main body of the water heater, typically made of steel and coated with glass or other materials to prevent corrosion. ​Surrounding the tank is a layer of insulation, which helps retain heat and improve the unit’s energy efficiency.

Burner and Pilot Light

The burner assembly is where the magic happens – this is where the gas flame ignites to heat the water in the tank. The pilot light is a small, constantly burning flame that ignites the main burner when the thermostat calls for heat.

Thermostat and Safety Controls

The thermostat monitors the water temperature and signals the gas control valve to open and close, regulating the burner and maintaining the desired temperature. Safety features like the thermocouple and high-limit switch help shut off the gas supply if the pilot light goes out or the water gets too hot.

Water Heater Maintenance

Proper maintenance is key to keeping your gas water heater running efficiently and preventing common issues like pilot light problems. Here are some essential tasks to perform regularly:

Inspecting the Pilot Light

Periodically check the pilot light to double-check that it is burning steadily and the flame is the correct size. If the pilot light keeps going out, there may be an underlying issue with the gas supply, thermocouple, or other components.

Cleaning the Burner Assembly

Over time, dust, dirt, and debris can accumulate on the burner, affecting its performance. Carefully remove the burner and clean it with a soft brush or cloth to maintain proper ignition and combustion.

Flushing the Tank

Sediment buildup in the tank can lead to decreased efficiency and premature failure. Flushing the tank annually helps remove this buildup and extend the life of your water heater.

Plumbing Techniques

When working on your gas water heater, it’s important to follow proper plumbing techniques to double-check that safety and prevent further issues. Here are some key steps:

Shutting Off Water Supply

Before performing any maintenance or repairs, locate the water shut-off valve and turn off the water supply to the heater. This will prevent water damage during the process.

Draining the Tank

To flush the tank or replace the anode rod, you’ll need to drain the water from the heater. Attach a garden hose to the drain valve and direct the water to a suitable location.

Connecting Gas and Water Lines

When reinstalling or replacing components, make sure all gas and water lines are properly connected and sealed to prevent leaks. Use Teflon tape or pipe dope on threaded fittings to double-check that a tight seal.

Installation Considerations

Choosing the right water heater and properly installing it can make a big difference in its performance and longevity. Here are some factors to consider:

Selecting the Right Water Heater

Determine the appropriate size and capacity for your household’s hot water needs. Also, consider the fuel type (natural gas or propane) and energy efficiency rating.

Placing the Unit

The water heater should be installed in a well-ventilated area, away from any flammable materials. double-check that there is adequate clearance around the unit for maintenance and servicing.

Venting and Exhaust

Proper venting is crucial for gas-fired water heaters to safely remove combustion byproducts like carbon monoxide. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions and local building codes for the appropriate venting setup.

Troubleshooting Pilot Light Issues

Now, let’s dive into the most common pilot light problems and how to address them.

Checking for Gas Supply

If the pilot light won’t stay lit, the first thing to check is the gas supply. double-check that the gas valve is turned to the “on” position and that there is adequate gas pressure reaching the water heater. A lack of gas or low pressure can prevent the pilot from staying lit.

Adjusting the Pilot Light

If the pilot flame is too small or unstable, you may need to adjust the pilot light. Locate the pilot light adjustment screw, usually on the gas control valve, and turn it clockwise to increase the flame size or counterclockwise to decrease it.

Replacing the Thermocouple

The thermocouple is a safety device that senses the presence of the pilot light and signals the gas control valve to remain open. If the thermocouple is faulty or not making proper contact with the pilot flame, it can cause the pilot to extinguish. Replacing the thermocouple may be necessary to restore proper operation.

Appliance Safety

Gas-fired water heaters require special attention to safety, as they involve the use of flammable fuel and the production of potentially hazardous byproducts.

Identifying Gas Leaks

Be vigilant for any signs of a gas leak, such as the distinctive “rotten egg” smell or hissing sounds. If you suspect a leak, immediately shut off the gas supply and contact a professional for repairs.

Preventing Scalding

Set the water heater’s temperature to a safe, comfortable level (typically around 120°F) to prevent scalding, especially for young children and the elderly.

Maintaining Ventilation

double-check that the water heater’s venting system is clear and functioning properly to prevent the buildup of carbon monoxide, which can be deadly if inhaled. Consider upgrading to a power-vented or direct-vent model for enhanced safety.

Environmental Impact

As we become more conscious of our environmental footprint, it’s important to consider the impact of our water heaters and explore more sustainable options.

Energy Efficiency

Look for water heaters with high energy efficiency ratings, such as those with the ENERGY STAR® certification. These models can significantly reduce your home’s energy consumption and lower your utility bills.

Emissions and Regulations

Be aware of local and national regulations regarding emissions and air quality standards for water heaters. Newer, high-efficiency models often have lower emissions than older units.

Sustainable Disposal

When it’s time to replace your water heater, double-check that it is disposed of properly, with components like the tank and anode rod being recycled or repurposed. Avoid simply sending it to a landfill.

DIY vs. Professional Installation

Deciding whether to tackle water heater installation or repair yourself or hire a professional can be a tricky decision. Consider the following factors:

Assessing Your Skills

If you have experience working with gas appliances, plumbing, and electrical systems, you may be able to handle some DIY water heater tasks. However, be honest about your abilities and comfort level, as improper work can be dangerous.

Permits and Inspections

Depending on your location, certain water heater installations or replacements may require permits and inspections. Hiring a licensed professional ensures the work is done to code and properly inspected.

Cost Considerations

While DIY can save money, the risk of making a mistake and the potential for further damage or safety issues may outweigh the cost savings. Weigh the pros and cons carefully when deciding whether to call in a professional.

Maintaining and troubleshooting your gas-fired storage tank water heater can be a daunting task, but with the right knowledge and attention to safety, you can keep your system running smoothly. If you encounter any issues you’re unsure of, don’t hesitate to consult a qualified water heater specialist. Visit WaterHeaterPick.com for more expert guidance and resources on all things water heater related.

Tip: Consider upgrading to a tankless water heater for energy savings